![]() HL from cocaine/crack and heroin often presented with greatest losses in the mid-frequency range. This review shows that HL associated with amphetamines and cocaine was typically sudden, bilateral, and temporary. Sixteen studies reported ototoxicity from illicit drugs, 27 from prescription opioids, and 1 was unspecified. A total of 44 articles were reviewed after excluding studies that were not available in English (n = 3), only described acute effects in healthy cohorts (n = 3) or only described general health aspects in a group on methadone maintenance (n = 1). Search results yielded 51 articles published between 19. Search terms included variations of HL, VL, opioids, and illicit drugs. Most papers consisted of retrospective single-case reports, with few retrospective reviews or prospective cohort studies. The purpose of this review was to summarize the literature regarding the effects of opioids and illicit drugs on the auditory and vestibular systems.ĭata were sourced from published papers reporting hearing loss (HL) and/or vestibular loss (VL) following misuse or overdose of opioids or illicit drugs. Therefore, it is important to conduct longitudinal studies to demonstrate the role of opioid drugs on the hearing system. Opioid drugs, especially methadone and tramadol, have been found to affect the hearing system. Conclusion: Illicit drugs overdose can potentially affect the hearing system. There was a significant relationship between SNHL and overdose of illicit drugs (aOR = 14.48, 95% CI = 1.53-136.44 p=0.019) with adjusting age, sex, and smoking. The frequency of hearing loss was 21.7% in opioid users, 5.3% in stimulant users, and 6.3% in concomitant use of both. Results: We found higher percentage frequency of SNHL in the patient group than the control group (15.8% vs 2.3% p=0.021). All analyses were conducted in Stata 12 (STATA Corp, USA) and significance level was set at less than 0.05. We applied 2 independent t tests, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and binary logistic regression tests. The patient group was categorized based on hearing status and compared based on some variables. The hearing status of 95 patients with illicit drugs overdose and 44 healthy individuals were assessed using standard pure tone audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Loghman Hakim hospital in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, in 2016-2017. ![]() Considering the importance of hearing loss on quality of life, we investigated hearing status in patients with overdose of illicit drugs. There are multiple case reports about this subject. One of the unusual medical complications is a sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The author concludes that these observations should be replicated with a large group of subjects and recommends further investigations to elucidate the nature and site of the damage.īackground: The overdose of illicit drugs is not always fatal but can lead to various complications. ![]() The various mechanisms by which this might occur are discussed. These cases suggest that chronic amphetamine use may result in reversible hearing loss. During the hearing loss, sounds were perceived as less loud and less sharp compared to normal. Hearing was apparently recovered in every case within four to ten days of cessation of amphetamine use. The symptom mostly appeared three to eight hours after ingestion of the tablets, and did not develop every time the drug was used. The hearing loss was suspected on clinical grounds during the admission interview, and was quite noticeable. Subjects were men aged 18 and over who met DSM IV criteria for substance dependence. Hearing loss was identified in seven amphetamine-dependent inpatients in the detox unit at Al Amal Hospital, Jeddah. There are no reports of hearing problems with amphetamines. Sensorineural deafness had been reported in chronic users of volatile inhalants, alcohol and heroin. Prolonged and heavy use can lead to neuronal damage, neurotransmitter depletion and receptor supersensitivity. Sensory perceptions are modified by amphetamines. ![]()
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